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	<title>Explore Our Planet Comments</title>
	<link>http://exploreourpla.net</link>
	<description>it's simply Global Warming and Climate Change</description>
	<pubDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 23:37:36 +0000</pubDate>
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 		<title>Comment on Extreme Weather: World Record Wind Gust: 408 km/h by: Journal for Art, Sex and Mathematics &#187; Blog Archive &#187; Sampurna Chattarji: Space Gulliver IV</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/environment/extreme-weather-world-record-wind-gust-408-kmh.html#comment-22</link>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Feb 2010 22:02:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/environment/extreme-weather-world-record-wind-gust-408-kmh.html#comment-22</guid>
					<description>[...] Explore our Planet [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>[&#8230;] Explore our Planet [&#8230;]
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 		<title>Comment on Magnitudes of Carbon Dioxide by: Realistic approaches to reducing greenhouse gas emission - Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/resources/magnitudes-of-carbon-dioxide.html#comment-21</link>
		<pubDate>Thu, 17 Dec 2009 19:54:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/resources/magnitudes-of-carbon-dioxide.html#comment-21</guid>
					<description>[...] Originally Posted by parejkoj   Robert: do you have an analysis of the scale of algae farming that is required to keep us below 500 ppmv by 2100? An algae farm covering what area of the ocean is required to replace one wedge of emission?  What is the environmental impact of such an area, in terms of eutrophication, disruption of the food web, etc.?  I'd like to know the actual numbers here.    

Parejkoj, I've discussed this at Patent to Reverse Global Warming  Here is a rough response with figures calculated again now. Please advise any errors detected.  For assessment of magnitudes, assume oceanic algae could potentially produce one tonne of oil per hectare per day, fixing about one tonne of CO2, a yield above current algae methods. 

I believe this and even higher yields will become possible with economies of scale and development of optimal methods for producing algae from CO2 that could otherwise be buried by carbon capture and storage. Divide this yield projection by ten for a starting baseline.  

380 ppmv CO2 is about 3000 gigatonnes of CO2 in the atmosphere. We are adding 40 gigatonnes per year including CO2 equivalents, slated to increase to 70 gigatonnes in twenty years under Business As Usual, or to return to 40 GT net emissions under ambitious Copenhagen methods.  

At one tonne CO2 per hectare per day, or 365 t/ha/year, fixing a gigatonne of CO2 per year requires three million hectares, or 30,000 square kilometres.   Equalling the Business As Usual emission projection of 70 GT would require two million square kilometres of algae. Total ocean size is 500 million square km, so two million square km is 0.4% of the world ocean.   

At present, as a NASA paper cited in my linked thread above explains, ten percent (50 million sq. km) of the ocean is classed as desert, with low surface chlorophyll. Locating algae farms in these regions would produce the equivalent of upwelling of rich cold currents, expanding fishery productivity.   

Initial sites for technology development are shallow warm seas in politically stable locations, such as the US Gulf Coast and Australia's North West Shelf. An initial step to assess the potential is to test polymer waterbag proposals, as seen at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TEJp6UZaDI  In the Gulf of Mexico and Northern Australia, it is likely that this method could provide local ocean cooling with high protection against hurricanes and coral bleaching. 

The method I have proposed is either a closed system which converts ocean nutrients into fuel or an open system which converts nutrient into algae for fish food. A closed system could fairly rapidly remove the nutrient from the dead zone near the mouth of the Mississippi River and convert it into diesel and fertilizer. [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>[&#8230;] Originally Posted by parejkoj   Robert: do you have an analysis of the scale of algae farming that is required to keep us below 500 ppmv by 2100? An algae farm covering what area of the ocean is required to replace one wedge of emission?  What is the environmental impact of such an area, in terms of eutrophication, disruption of the food web, etc.?  I&#8217;d like to know the actual numbers here.    </p>
	<p>Parejkoj, I&#8217;ve discussed this at Patent to Reverse Global Warming  Here is a rough response with figures calculated again now. Please advise any errors detected.  For assessment of magnitudes, assume oceanic algae could potentially produce one tonne of oil per hectare per day, fixing about one tonne of CO2, a yield above current algae methods. </p>
	<p>I believe this and even higher yields will become possible with economies of scale and development of optimal methods for producing algae from CO2 that could otherwise be buried by carbon capture and storage. Divide this yield projection by ten for a starting baseline.  </p>
	<p>380 ppmv CO2 is about 3000 gigatonnes of CO2 in the atmosphere. We are adding 40 gigatonnes per year including CO2 equivalents, slated to increase to 70 gigatonnes in twenty years under Business As Usual, or to return to 40 GT net emissions under ambitious Copenhagen methods.  </p>
	<p>At one tonne CO2 per hectare per day, or 365 t/ha/year, fixing a gigatonne of CO2 per year requires three million hectares, or 30,000 square kilometres.   Equalling the Business As Usual emission projection of 70 GT would require two million square kilometres of algae. Total ocean size is 500 million square km, so two million square km is 0.4% of the world ocean.   </p>
	<p>At present, as a NASA paper cited in my linked thread above explains, ten percent (50 million sq. km) of the ocean is classed as desert, with low surface chlorophyll. Locating algae farms in these regions would produce the equivalent of upwelling of rich cold currents, expanding fishery productivity.   </p>
	<p>Initial sites for technology development are shallow warm seas in politically stable locations, such as the US Gulf Coast and Australia&#8217;s North West Shelf. An initial step to assess the potential is to test polymer waterbag proposals, as seen at <a href='http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TEJp6UZaDI' rel='nofollow'>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TEJp6UZaDI</a>  In the Gulf of Mexico and Northern Australia, it is likely that this method could provide local ocean cooling with high protection against hurricanes and coral bleaching. </p>
	<p>The method I have proposed is either a closed system which converts ocean nutrients into fuel or an open system which converts nutrient into algae for fish food. A closed system could fairly rapidly remove the nutrient from the dead zone near the mouth of the Mississippi River and convert it into diesel and fertilizer. [&#8230;]
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 		<title>Comment on More Arctic Melting by: Dat is even schrikken &#171; Marcel Kruijer</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/cryosphere/more-arctic-melting.html#comment-19</link>
		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 2009 12:46:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/cryosphere/more-arctic-melting.html#comment-19</guid>
					<description>[...] bron: http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/blog/ [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>[&#8230;] bron: <a href='http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/blog/' rel='nofollow'>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/blog/</a> [&#8230;]
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 		<title>Comment on Barack Obama speaking at NATO Summit in Strasbourg Town Hall by: Topics about Politics &#187; Barack Obama speaking at NATO Summit in Strasbourg Town Hall</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/speeches/barack-obama-speaking-at-nato-summit-in-strasbourg-town-hall.html#comment-18</link>
		<pubDate>Sat, 04 Apr 2009 19:53:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/speeches/barack-obama-speaking-at-nato-summit-in-strasbourg-town-hall.html#comment-18</guid>
					<description>[...] The Krimson King put an intriguing blog post on Barack Obama speaking at NATO Summit in Strasbourg Town HallHere&amp;#8217;s a quick excerptThe effects of climate change are now in plain sight. Europe has acted with a seriousness of purpose that this challenge demands. [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>[&#8230;] The Krimson King put an intriguing blog post on Barack Obama speaking at NATO Summit in Strasbourg Town HallHere&#8217;s a quick excerptThe effects of climate change are now in plain sight. Europe has acted with a seriousness of purpose that this challenge demands. [&#8230;]
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 		<title>Comment on Friendly Snowball: Browsing from A-Z by: Journal for Art, Sex and Mathematics &#187; Blog Archive &#187; Mit den Fingern zählen</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/uncategorized/friendly-snowball-browsing-from-a-z.html#comment-17</link>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2009 09:41:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/uncategorized/friendly-snowball-browsing-from-a-z.html#comment-17</guid>
					<description>[...] Explore our Planet [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>[&#8230;] Explore our Planet [&#8230;]
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 		<title>Comment on New Map Layer : C02  Emissions per Country 2004 by: Johngoesgreen</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/emissions/new-map-layer-co2-emissions-per-country-2004.html#comment-11</link>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Aug 2008 07:38:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/emissions/new-map-layer-co2-emissions-per-country-2004.html#comment-11</guid>
					<description>Hi, first of all let me compliment you on the very cool map. I must say, I was quite surprised to see how many countries that are represented in the high end of the scale regarding CO2 emission. One can only hope that matters are being taken care of to reduce the CO2 levels.

Also, I have been doing some compiling myself within this subject. I have found a set of data on SUV Co2 emission from Swivel.com and a friend of mine built the widget below - using this data.

http://www.youcalc.com/apps/1217583034988?application_popup=1

This Widget shows, among other things, how much CO2 a given engine size emits on the highway. That data was really surprising to me... 

I am of the impression that you have similar interests as me when it comes to calculating on and visualizing data. 
My friend is creating his widgets with a tool called youcalc.com. He finds it easy to use, because of  three step process; add data source, crunch data and lastly visualize the data - just the way he wants it. You might want to have a look at the site?

Keep up the good work.

John</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Hi, first of all let me compliment you on the very cool map. I must say, I was quite surprised to see how many countries that are represented in the high end of the scale regarding CO2 emission. One can only hope that matters are being taken care of to reduce the CO2 levels.</p>
	<p>Also, I have been doing some compiling myself within this subject. I have found a set of data on SUV Co2 emission from Swivel.com and a friend of mine built the widget below - using this data.</p>
	<p><a href='http://www.youcalc.com/apps/1217583034988?application_popup=1' rel='nofollow'>http://www.youcalc.com/apps/1217583034988?application_popup=1</a></p>
	<p>This Widget shows, among other things, how much CO2 a given engine size emits on the highway. That data was really surprising to me&#8230; </p>
	<p>I am of the impression that you have similar interests as me when it comes to calculating on and visualizing data.<br />
My friend is creating his widgets with a tool called youcalc.com. He finds it easy to use, because of  three step process; add data source, crunch data and lastly visualize the data - just the way he wants it. You might want to have a look at the site?</p>
	<p>Keep up the good work.</p>
	<p>John
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 		<title>Comment on Departed best Movie - Two Oscars for An Inconvenient Truth by: CBBC Newsround &#166; TV/Film &#166; Boxing movie wins big at Oscars at The Oscars - Your Online Guide</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/events/departed-best-movie-two-oscars-for-an-inconvenient-truth.html#comment-10</link>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 May 2008 02:23:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/events/departed-best-movie-two-oscars-for-an-inconvenient-truth.html#comment-10</guid>
					<description>[...] Explore Our Planet ? Departed best Movie - Two Oscars for An &amp;#8230;Departed best Movie - Two Oscars for An Inconvenient Truth. Related Articles:. Oscar for An Inconvenient Truth? National Science Teachers Association &amp;#8230; [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>[&#8230;] Explore Our Planet ? Departed best Movie - Two Oscars for An &#8230;Departed best Movie - Two Oscars for An Inconvenient Truth. Related Articles:. Oscar for An Inconvenient Truth? National Science Teachers Association &#8230; [&#8230;]
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 		<title>Comment on First Day in Bali: Australia to sign Kyoto Protocol by: Smita</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/politics/first-day-in-bali-australia-to-sign-kyoto-protocol.html#comment-9</link>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2007 12:22:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/politics/first-day-in-bali-australia-to-sign-kyoto-protocol.html#comment-9</guid>
					<description>Must appreciate Australia's move on this! This is high time, people need to realize that this is not just the problem for a nation or an individual, rather its a global concern &amp;#38; needs the attention of each &amp;#38; every individual, be it from a developed or a developing nation. 

To add to it, there are still people who don't even see it as a serious environmental threat for the future generations &amp;#38; another lot, who believes that there is nothing that can be done about it. The thoughts on 'Global Warming' (http://www.infodoro.com/fivewords/user/others/t/46: As listed here) clearly depict the divided opinions about it &amp;#38; the grave need to educate the masses &amp;#38; give it a serious treatment before its too late. US needs to wake up to the cause &amp;#38; accept the fact, that switching over to the nuclear energy resources wouldn't be the only alternative - there is a need to curb the emissions as well &amp;#38; probably signing the Kyoto Protocol.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Must appreciate Australia&#8217;s move on this! This is high time, people need to realize that this is not just the problem for a nation or an individual, rather its a global concern &amp; needs the attention of each &amp; every individual, be it from a developed or a developing nation. </p>
	<p>To add to it, there are still people who don&#8217;t even see it as a serious environmental threat for the future generations &amp; another lot, who believes that there is nothing that can be done about it. The thoughts on &#8216;Global Warming&#8217; (http://www.infodoro.com/fivewords/user/others/t/46: As listed here) clearly depict the divided opinions about it &amp; the grave need to educate the masses &amp; give it a serious treatment before its too late. US needs to wake up to the cause &amp; accept the fact, that switching over to the nuclear energy resources wouldn&#8217;t be the only alternative - there is a need to curb the emissions as well &amp; probably signing the Kyoto Protocol.
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 		<title>Comment on MeteoSwiss: Sorry, no Winter in Switzerland this Year by: Troy Worman&#8217;s Weblog &#187; Global Warming</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/weather/metoswiss-sorry-no-winter-in-switzerland-this-year.html#comment-5</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Mar 2007 20:56:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/weather/metoswiss-sorry-no-winter-in-switzerland-this-year.html#comment-5</guid>
					<description>[...] Explore Our Planet [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>[&#8230;] Explore Our Planet [&#8230;]
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 		<title>Comment on Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis - Summary for Policymakers by: tecknopuppy</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/reports/climate-change-2007-the-physical-science-basis-summary-for-policymakers-ar4-wg1-ipcc.html#comment-4</link>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Feb 2007 00:32:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/reports/climate-change-2007-the-physical-science-basis-summary-for-policymakers-ar4-wg1-ipcc.html#comment-4</guid>
					<description>There is a growing number of global warming &quot;deniars&quot; out there. No matter what the scientists say...it will take a disaster to shock these people into believing.

Support Alternative Energy
&lt;a href=&quot;http://tecknopuppy.blogspot.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;my blog&lt;/a&gt;
JT</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>There is a growing number of global warming &#8220;deniars&#8221; out there. No matter what the scientists say&#8230;it will take a disaster to shock these people into believing.</p>
	<p>Support Alternative Energy<br />
<a href="http://tecknopuppy.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow">my blog</a><br />
JT
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 		<title>Comment on Jakarta: more Rain expected, Flood Map, highest Alert Level by: tecknopuppy</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/hazards/jakarta-more-rain-expected-flood-map-highest-alert-level.html#comment-3</link>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Feb 2007 18:58:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/hazards/jakarta-more-rain-expected-flood-map-highest-alert-level.html#comment-3</guid>
					<description>I amazed that an article like this hasn't recieved more national news in the united states. When Katrina happened, it got plenty of coverage, and in my opinion this incident is just as serious as Katrina. 

Support Alternative Energy
&lt;a href=&quot;http://tecknopuppy.blogspot.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;My blog&lt;/a&gt;
JT</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I amazed that an article like this hasn&#8217;t recieved more national news in the united states. When Katrina happened, it got plenty of coverage, and in my opinion this incident is just as serious as Katrina. </p>
	<p>Support Alternative Energy<br />
<a href="http://tecknopuppy.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow">My blog</a><br />
JT
</p>
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 		<title>Comment on Video: CBC.CA - The Denial Machine by: noiv</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/disinformation/video-cbcca-the-denial-machine.html#comment-2</link>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Nov 2006 09:01:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/disinformation/video-cbcca-the-denial-machine.html#comment-2</guid>
					<description>Nice link, thanks. Hopefully category 'disinformation' will not outnumber the others in future.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Nice link, thanks. Hopefully category &#8216;disinformation&#8217; will not outnumber the others in future.
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 		<title>Comment on Video: CBC.CA - The Denial Machine by: Tom Harris</title>
		<link>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/disinformation/video-cbcca-the-denial-machine.html#comment-1</link>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Nov 2006 03:55:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://exploreourpla.net/global-warming/disinformation/video-cbcca-the-denial-machine.html#comment-1</guid>
					<description>The Denial Machine is hopelessly biased - take a look at the following debunking of it:

http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/columnists/story.html?id=2c07121b-85c2-4799-9aaf-0c2688bf5ca1

There are many other mistakes in the programme that anyone with even a modest understanding of the issue will recognize immediately.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>The Denial Machine is hopelessly biased - take a look at the following debunking of it:</p>
	<p><a href='http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/columnists/story.html?id=2c07121b-85c2-4799-9aaf-0c2688bf5ca1' rel='nofollow'>http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/columnists/story.html?id=2c07121b-85c2-4799-9aaf-0c2688bf5ca1</a></p>
	<p>There are many other mistakes in the programme that anyone with even a modest understanding of the issue will recognize immediately.
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